MEDIEDU

The ability to understand written texts in English of different natures and with different communicative purposes constitutes a transversal competence, given that all types of questions will be formulated in English, also using symbolic language.

The following abilities will also be specifically verified:

• Understand in real contexts abstract, uncommon or specialized vocabulary;
• Identify textual cohesion and coherence phenomena;
• Extract and infer informational specificities from the text.

These abilities will be verified based on short texts of scientific essays or classical and contemporary fiction, or short texts of current affairs published in daily newspapers and general or specialized magazines.

Also based on short texts of various types and themes, the skills acquired in past studies and knowledge of general culture, also of a supranational scope or on topics of contemporary public debate, will be verified. In particular, the questions will aim to verify:

• The ability to orient oneself in the represented space and time, that is, to place prominent historical-cultural phenomena in space and time;
• Knowledge of the main national and international institutions;
• Understanding of phenomena relating to the legal, economic and citizenship fields.

The questions are aimed at testing the capacity to logically complete a reasoning, consistently with the premises. These premises are stated in symbolic or verbal form, and focus on cases or problems, also of an abstract nature, whose solution requires the adoption of different forms of logical reasoning.

• The chemistry of living things: The biological importance of weak interactions. Organic molecules present in organisms and their respective functions. The role of enzymes.
• The cell as the basis of life: Cell theory. Cell size. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, animal and plant cells. Viruses.
• The cell membrane: Structure and functions; transport across the membrane. Cellular structures and their specific functions.
• Cell cycle and cell reproduction: Mitosis and meiosis - chromosome set and chromosome maps.
• Reproduction and heredity: Life cycles. Sexual and asexual reproduction.
• Mendelian genetics: Mendel's laws and their applications. Classical genetics: chromosomal theory of inheritance - inheritance models. Molecular genetics: DNA structure and replication, genetic code, protein synthesis. DNA of prokaryotes. Eukaryotic chromosome structure. Genes and regulation of gene expression. Human genetics: transmission of mono- and polyfactorial traits; autosomal and X-linked hereditary diseases.
• Evolution: Mutations. Natural and artificial selection. Evolutionary theories. The genetic basis of evolution. Heredity and environment.
• Biotechnology: Recombinant DNA technology and its applications.
• Anatomy and Physiology: Anatomy and Physiology of animals and humans. Animal tissues. Anatomy and physiology of systems and apparatuses in humans and their interactions. Homeostasis.
• Bioenergetics: The energy currency of cells: ATP. Redox reactions in living things. Energy processes: photosynthesis, glycolysis, aerobic respiration and fermentation.

• Constitution of matter: States of matter; heterogeneous and homogeneous systems; compounds and elements.
• Ideal gas laws: Gas behavior and relationships.
• Atomic structure: Elementary particles; atomic number and mass number, isotopes, electronic structure of the atoms of the various elements.
• The periodic table: Groups and periods; transition elements. Periodic properties of the elements: atomic radius, ionization potential, electron affinity, metallic character. Relations between electronic structure, position in the periodic table and properties of elements.
• Chemical bonds: Ionic, covalent and metallic bonds. Bond energy. Bond polarity. Electronegativity. Intermolecular bonds.
• Fundamentals of inorganic chemistry: Nomenclature and main properties of inorganic compounds: oxides, hydroxides, acids, salts.
• Chemical reactions and stoichiometry: Atomic and molecular mass, Avogadro's number, mole concept and its application, elementary stoichiometric calculations, balancing simple reactions, different types of chemical reactions.
• Solutions: Solvent properties of water, solubility, main ways of expressing solution concentration.
• Equilibria in aqueous solution: Acid-base systems, dissolution processes.
• Chemical kinetics and catalysis: Elements of chemical kinetics and catalysis.
• Oxidation and reduction: Oxidation number, concept of oxidizing and reducing agent. Balancing simple reactions.
• Acids and bases: The concept of acid and base. Acidity, neutrality and basicity of aqueous solutions. The pH. Hydrolysis. Buffer solutions.
• Fundamentals of organic chemistry: Bonds between carbon atoms, molecular and structural formulas, concept of isomerism. Aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Functional groups: alcohols, ethers, amines, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides. Elements of nomenclature.

• Number sets and algebra: Natural, integer, rational, real numbers. Ordering and comparison; order of magnitude and scientific notation. Operations and their properties. Ratios and percentages. Powers with integer and rational exponents and their properties. Radicals and their properties. Logarithms (base 10 and base e) and their properties. Basics of combinatorics. Algebraic expressions, polynomials. Special products (prodotti notevoli), n-th power of a binomial, factorization of polynomials. Algebraic fractions. Algebraic equations and inequalities of first and second degree. Systems of equations.
• Functions: Basic concepts of functions and their graphical representations (domain, codomain, study of sign, continuity, maxima and minima, increasing and decreasing, etc.). Elementary functions: integer and fractional algebraic, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric. Composite functions and inverse functions. Trigonometric equations and inequalities.
• Geometry: Polygons and their properties. Circle and circumference. Measurements of lengths, surfaces and volumes. Isometries, similarities and equivalences in the plane. Geometric loci. Measurement of angles in degrees and radians. Sine, cosine, tangent of an angle and their notable values. Trigonometric formulas. Resolution of triangles. Cartesian coordinate system in the plane. Distance between two points and midpoint of a segment. Equation of a line. Conditions for parallelism and perpendicularity. Distance from a point to a line. Equation of circle, parabola, hyperbola, ellipse and their representation in the Cartesian plane. Pythagorean theorem. Euclid's theorems (first and second).
• Probability and statistics: Frequency distributions according to the type of variable and main graphical representations. Concept of random experiment and event. Probability and frequency.

• Physical quantities and measurement: Fundamental and derived physical quantities. Systems of units: International and Technical. Multiples and submultiples. Scientific notation. Principal conversions between units of different systems. Scalar and vector quantities. Vectors and operations on vectors.
• Kinematics: Description of motion. Velocity and angular velocity, acceleration and centripetal acceleration. Uniform rectilinear motion, uniformly accelerated motion, uniform circular motion, harmonic motion.
• Dynamics: Concept of force as interaction between bodies. Forces as applied vectors. The principle of inertia. Mass and Newton's 2nd law. Examples of forces: weight, elastic force, static and dynamic friction. Action and reaction: Newton's 3rd law. Impulse and momentum. Principle of conservation of momentum. Moment of a force and angular momentum. Work and kinetic energy. Conservative forces and potential energy. Principle of conservation of mechanical energy. Power.
• Fluid mechanics: Density and compressibility of fluids. Gases and liquids. Hydrostatics: pressure and principles of Pascal, Stevin and Archimedes. Fluid dynamics: one-dimensional motion, flow and flow rate, continuity equation. Ideal fluids and Bernoulli's equation. Viscous forces in real fluids.
• Thermodynamics: Equilibrium, concept of temperature, thermometers. Concept of heat and calorimetry. Heat transfer modes. Heat capacity and specific heat. Phase changes and latent heat. Ideal gas laws. First and second laws of thermodynamics.
• Electricity and electromagnetism: Electric charges. Forces between charges and Coulomb's law. Electric field and potential, equipotential surfaces. Dielectric constant, capacity, capacitors. Electrostatic energy. Capacitors in series and parallel. Generators. Electric voltage. Electric current. Resistivity, resistance, resistors. Ohm's law. Resistors in series and parallel. Kirchhoff's laws. Work, Power, Joule effect. Direct and alternating current. Period and frequency. Magnetic field of an electric current. Forces on electric currents in a magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction.